lunes, 26 de septiembre de 2016

Para los amantes de la música. Estudiante de íes cueva santa:

http://www.ejerciciodeingles.com/ejercicios-practicar-past-simple-past-continuous-cancion-john-lennon/


Pasado simple y continuo
El pasado continuo expresa la duración de una acción pasada y no indica si está terminada, mientras que el pasado simple se refiere a una acción puntual que empezó y acabó en el pasado.
I worked last Saturday.
Trabajé el sábado pasado.
It was snowing at half past four yesterday.
Estaba nevando a las cuatro y media de ayer (no había acabado).
Diferencias pasado simple y continuo
 1  El pasado simple describe acciones acabadas y el pasado continuo no especifica si la acciones finalizaron o no, sino que enfatiza que estaban en desarrollo.
He travelled around the world.
Viajó por todo el mundo.
I was travelling around the world.
Estaba viajando por todo el mundo.
 2  Para acciones simultáneas:
Si las acciones son consecutivas, los verbos irán en pasado simple.
As I saw her I left the room.
Cuando la ví dejé la habitación.
Cuando hay un pasado simple y uno continuo este último resalta la duración de la acción.
As I was watching tv the telephone rang.
Cuando estaba viendo la tele sonó el teléfono.
Si las dos acciones tienen lugar durante un mismo periodo de tiempo se usará el pasado continuo en las dos.
As I was having dinner, she was watching tv.
Cuando estaba cenando ella estaba viendo la tv.
 3  Para hablar de acciones habituales se suele usar el pasado simple.
She visited her parents every day.
Sin embargo podemos usar el pasado continuo para enfatizar que la acción tuvo lugar temporalmente.
When I was ill he was visiting me twice a day.
Cuando estaba enfermo me visitaba dos veces al día (también es posible usar el pasado simple en las dos).
 4  En narraciones o historias se usa el pasado continuo para describir o ambientar una acción.
He was walking quickly. He was not wearing her glasses. Suddenly he fall...
Estaba andando rápido. No llevaba sus gafas. De pronto se cayó...
The Prime Minister died while he was sitting at his desk.
El Primer Ministro murió mientras estaba sentado en su mesa.
 5  Con los verbos de estado en pasado, siempre que no tengan un significado especial como ocurre en las diferencias entre presente simple y continuo.
I loved him.
Le amaba (verbo estado pasado).
I was tasting his cake.
Estaba probando su tarta (verbo acción voluntaria).
She was being silly.
Estaba siendo tonta (verbo estado temporal).

chicos esta explicación es sencilla, pero podemos seguir ampliando.
ejercicios:

http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/past-simple-past-continuous-exercise-1.html

aquí se adentra más en While/AS versus When.
ow aconsejo haceros seguidores del blog. 

Las formas verbales del pasado: el Past Simple y el Past Progressive
Autor: Alexandra Vraciu | 41 comentarios

Hay dos formas del pasado en inglés:
Past Simple: Hace referencia a situaciones totalmente acabadas y sin vínculo con el momento presente.
Past Progressive: Hace referencia a situaciones en progreso en algún momento pasado.
  • El Past Simple
La mayor característica de esta forma es la de presentar una situación del pasado como completada y desconectada del presente. En inglés es obligatorio indicar el momento pasado al que hacemos referencia – el Past Simple tiene que ir siempre acompañado por alguna expresion de tiempo para anclarlo en su momento temporal propio:
I went to visit my parents yesterday / last Sunday / in 2007 / three days ago.
Como recordareis el Past Simple puede tener una forma regular acabada en –ed, para la mayoria de los verbos, y unas formas irregulares que encontrareis en una lista en la sección de Referencias y que se tienen que aprender de memória.
Las preguntas con el Past Simple siempre necesitan el auxiliar did y el verbo recupera su forma de infinitivo:
Did you play squash last weekend?
Did you speak to Jamie yesterday evening?
  • El Past Progressive
Esta forma del pasado se utiliza normalmente en el contexto de una forma de Past Simple o anclada a una expresión de tiempo que hace referencia a un momento del pasado en el cual una situación estaba ocurriendo.
I was watching TV when you called / at 10 o’clock yesterday evening.
Como el Present Progressive, el Past Progressive es una forma compuesta del verbo TO BE en el pasado (was / were) y el verbo + la terminación –ing.
Para la forma interrogativa, se invierte el orden entre el verbo TO BE y el sujeto:
Were you watching TV at 10 o’clock yesterday evening?
Y para la negación, se utiliza el verbo TO BE en su forma negativa:
I was not (wasn’t) watching TV at 10 o’clock yesterday.
They were not (weren’t) playing football when you called.
Es muy importante recordar que esta forma es compuesta y cada uno de sus componentes es obligatorio. Por lo tanto, una frase como I watching TV at 10 o’clock yesterday no es correcta!
Como sabéis las restricciones de uso de la forma progresiva que hemos visto en la lección anterior son validas en el caso del Past Progressive.
Las dos formas del pasado se utilizan conjuntamente cuando explicamos una historia. El Past Progressive hace referencia a las situaciones que constituyen el marco en el cual se produce un suceso expresado con el Past Simple. Normalmente siempre hay alguna conjunción de tiempo como when o while (mientras) para ordenar las situaciones.
They were sleeping when the bomb exploded.
While she was working, somebody stole her car.
Pero cuando se trata de una serie de sucesos, uno después de otro, solo se puede utilizar la forma del Past Simple.

He arrived home, he opened the door, he turned on the light and he put his keys on the table.
Simple Present – Present Progressive
chicos a continuación un buena explicación sobre la diferencia entre ambos tiempos verbales. 
Form
Simple Present
Present Progressive
infinitive
(3rd person singular: infinitive + 's')
I speak
you speak
he / she / it speaks
we speak
they speak
form of 'be' and verb + ing

I am speaking
you are speaking
he / she / it is speaking
we are speaking
they are speaking
Exceptions
Exceptions when adding 's' :
  • For can, may, might, must, do not add s. Example: he can, she may, it must
  • After o, ch, sh or s, add es. Example: do - he does, wash - she washes
  • After a consonant, the final consonant y becomes ie. (but: not after a vowel) Example: worry - he worries
    but: play - he pla
    ys
Exceptions when adding 'ing' :
  • Silent e is dropped. (but: does not apply for -ee) Example: come - coming
    but: agree - agr
    eeing
  • After a short, stressed vowel, the final consonant is doubled. Example: sit - sitting
  • After a vowel, the final consonant l is doubled in British English (but not in American English). Example: travel - travelling (British English)
    but: trave
    ling (American English)
  • Final ie becomes y. Example: lie - lying

Use
In general or right now?
Do you want to express that something happens in general or that something is happening right now?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
in general (regularly, often, never)
Colin plays football every Tuesday.
present actions happening one after another
First Colin plays football, then he watches TV.
right now
Look! Colin is playing football now.
also for several actions happening at the same time
Colin is playing football and Anne is watching.
Signal words
  • always
  • every ...
  • often
  • normally
  • usually
  • sometimes
  • seldom
  • never
  • first
  • then
  • at the moment
  • at this moment
  • today
  • now
  • right now
  • Listen!
  • Look!
Note: The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present:
be, have, hear, know, like, love, see, smell, think, want
Timetable / Schedule or arrangement?
Do you want to express that something is arranged for the near future? Or do you refer to a time set by a timetable or schedule?
Simple Present
Present Progressive
action set by a timetable or schedule
The film starts at 8 pm.
arrangement for the near future
I am going to the cinema tonight.
Daily routine or just for a limited period of time?
Do you want to talk about a daily routine? Or do you want to emphasis that something is only going on for a limited (rather short) period of time?

Simple Present
Present Progressive
daily routine
Bob works in a restaurant.
only for a limited period of time (does not have to happen directly at the moment of speaking)
Jenny is working in a restaurant this week.
Certain Verbs
The following verbs are usually only used in Simple Present (not in the progressive form).
  • state: be, cost, fit, mean, suitExample: We are on holiday.
  • possession: belong, haveExample: Sam has a cat.
  • senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touchExample: He feels the cold.
  • feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wishExample: Jane loves pizza.
  • brain work: believe, know, think, understandExample: I believe you.
  • Introductory clauses for direct speech: answer, ask, reply, sayExample: “I am watching TV,“ he says.
Podéis encontrar ejercicios para practicar para el examen en: 


https://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/simpre-prepro/exercises

Students here you have full explanation.
Primero, sobre los adverbios en general. A continuación, sobre "comparison of adverbs".
Espero que os sea de ayuda.
Seguiré publicando sobre los otro puntos del tema de la introducción, así no hay que comprar tantas fotocopias!!!

1. The adverbs and the adjectives in English
Adjectives tell us something about a person or a thing. Adjectives can modify nouns (here: girl) or pronouns (here: she).
Adverbs tell us in what way someone does something. Adverbs can modify verbs (here: drive), adjectives or other adverbs.
adjective
adverb
Mandy is a careful girl.
Mandy drives carefully.
She is very careful.
She drives carefully.
Mandy is a careful driver. This sentence is about Mandy, the driver, so use the adjective.
Mandy drives carefully. This sentence is about her way of driving, so use the adverb.
2. Form
Adjective + -ly
adjective
adverb
dangerous
dangerously
careful
carefully
nice
nicely
horrible
horribly
easy
easily
electronic
electronically
Irregular forms:
adjective
adverb
good
well
fast
fast
hard
hard
If the adjective ends in -y, change -y to -i. Then add -ly:
  • happy – happily
but:
  • shy – shyly
If the adjective ends in -le, the adverb ends in -ly:
  • terrible – terribly
If the adjective ends in -e, then add -ly:
  • safe – safely
Not all words ending in -ly are adverbs:
  • adjectives ending in -ly: friendly, silly, lonely, ugly
  • nouns, ending in -ly: ally, bully, Italy, melancholy
  • verbs, ending in -ly: apply, rely, supply
There is no adverb for an adjective ending in -ly.
3. Use of adverbs
3.1. to modify verbs
The handball team played badly last Saturday.
3.2. to modify adjectives
It was an extremely bad match.
3.3. to modify adverbs
The handball team played extremely badly last Wednesday.
3.4. to modify quantities
There are quite a lot of people here.
3.5. to modify sentences
Unfortunately, the flight to Dallas had been cancelled.
4. Types of adverbs
4.1. Adverbs of manner
  • quickly
  • kindly
4.2. Adverbs of degree
  • very
  • rather
4.3. Adverbs of frequency
  • often
  • sometimes
4.4. Adverbs of time
  • now
  • today
4.5. Adverbs of place
  • here
  • nowhere
5. How do know whether to use an adjective or an adverb?
John is a careful driver. – In this sentences we say how John is – careful. If we want to say that the careful John did not drive the usual way yesterday – we have to use the adverb:
  • John did not drive carefully yesterday.
Here is another example:
  • I am a slow walker. (How am I? slow adjective)
  • I walk slowly. (Ho do I walk? slowly adverb)
6. Adjective or Adverb after special verbs
Both adjectives and adverbs may be used after look, smell and taste. Mind the change in meaning.
Here are two examples:
adjective
adverb
The pizza tastes good.
(How is the pizza?)
Jamie Oliver can taste well.
(How can Jamie Oliver taste?)
Peter's feet smell bad.
(How are his feet?)
Peter can smell badly.
(How can Peter smell?)
Do not get confused with good/well.
  • Linda looks good. (What type of person is she?)
  • Linda looks well. (How is Linda? – She may have been ill, but now she is fit again.)
  • How are you? – I'm well, thank you.
One can assume that in the second/third sentence the adverb well is used, but this is wrong – well can be an adjective (meaning fit/healthy), or an adverb of the adjective good.
Conclusion:
  • Use the adjective when you say something about the person itself.
  • Use the adverb, when you want to say about the action
Grammatical constructions used for comparing adverbs
There are three forms of comparison:
  • positive
  • comparative
  • superlative
1. Comparison with -er/-est
hard harder (the) hardest
We use -er/-est with the following adverbs:
1.1. all adverbs with one syllable
positive
comparative
superlative
fast
faster
fastest
high
higher
highest
1.2. the adverb early
positive
comparative
superlative
early
earlier
earliest
2. Comparison with more – most
adverbs ending on -ly (except: early)
positive
comparative
superlative
carefully
more carefully
(the) most carefully
3. Irregular adverbs
positive
comparative
superlative
well
better
best
badly
worse
worst
much
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther
farthest
further
furthest
ATTENTION!
In informal English some adverbs are used without -ly (e.g. cheap, loud, quick).
There are two forms of comparison possible, depending on the form of the adverb:

  • cheaply more cheaply most cheaply
  • cheap cheaper cheapest